What Is an Allergic Reaction?

An allergic reaction is an exaggerated immune response to a substance that is generally not harmful to most people. The substance that triggers the allergic reaction is called an allergen. Common allergens include certain foods, pollen, insect stings, medications, and various environmental factors. When an individual with allergies comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system perceives it as a threat and responds by releasing chemicals such as histamines. These chemicals lead to the symptoms associated with allergies. Allergic reactions can vary widely in severity, ranging from mild symptoms like sneezing and itching to severe and life-threatening reactions known as anaphylaxis. Common symptoms of an allergic reaction may include: Skin reactions: Itching, hives, eczema, or swelling. Respiratory symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or a runny or stuffy nose. Digestive symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. Eye symptoms: Redness, itching, or watering of the eyes. Anaphylaxis: This is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, a sudden drop in blood pressure, and other serious symptoms. Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention. It's important for individuals with known allergies to identify and avoid their specific triggers whenever possible. Allergies can be diagnosed through various tests, including skin prick tests and blood tests. Treatment may involve avoiding the allergen, taking medications such as antihistamines, and in severe cases, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector for emergency use in case of anaphylaxis. If you suspect you have allergies or experience severe allergic reactions, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.