The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely impacted the lives of millions of people throughout the world. To date, COVID-19 has claimed the lives of over 6.4 million globally. Many have suggested that people with chronic urinary disorders are more susceptible to severe COVID-19. Furthermore, men with comorbidities like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction (ED), and infertility are also considered to be more vulnerable to COVID-19. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses its spike (S) protein to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor located on the surface of host cells. The priming of the S protein is carried out by transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which divides the S protein at the S1/S2 site. The expression of ACE2 in testicular tissues can increase their risk of being targeted by SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the association of androgen receptor signaling with COVID-1...
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