There is some evidence suggesting a potential connection between hormonal birth control and an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to various health issues, including cervical cancer. However, it's important to note that research findings are not entirely consistent, and more studies are needed to establish a definitive link.
Some studies have suggested that hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills, may influence the risk of HPV infection. The hormonal changes caused by these contraceptives could potentially affect the immune system's response to infections, including HPV. It's worth noting that the relationship between hormonal contraceptives and HPV is complex, and other factors such as sexual behavior, number of sexual partners, and age at first sexual intercourse can also contribute to HPV risk.
It's essential for individuals using hormonal birth control to be aware of their overall sexual health and to follow recommended preventive measures, such as regular screenings for HPV and cervical cancer. Additionally, individuals should discuss their contraceptive choices and any concerns about HPV with their healthcare providers. Healthcare professionals can provide personalized guidance based on an individual's health history and risk factors.
What else can cause or increase your risk of HPV and cervical cancer?
Intimate sexual contact without a condom or other barrier method can increase your risk of HPV and other STIs.
Although contracting HPV is the biggest risk factor for developing cervical cancer, this cancer can develop for a number of reasons.
People who smoke cigarettes or use other tobacco products, for example, are more likelyTrusted Source to develop cancer of any kind.
According to the American Cancer SocietyTrusted Source, the following can increase your risk of developing cervical cancer:
having a weakened or compromised immune system
taking immunosuppressant medications
a past or current chlamydia infection
having three or more full-term pregnancies
having a full-term pregnancy before the age of 25
having a parent who took diethylstilbestrol while pregnant with you
a family history of cervical cancer
What can you do to help reduce your risk of HPV and cervical cancer when using hormonal birth control?
Vaccinating against HPV can help reduce your risk of contracting high risk strains associated with genital warts and certain cancers.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source recommends vaccination at ages 11–12, but there are additional opportunities to get vaccinated later in life.
For example, people ages 15–26 can benefit from a three-dose protocol. Consult a healthcare professional to learn more if you’re between 27 and 45. While not always recommended for this age group, your doctor may recommend it based on your individual needs.
Internal and external condoms are the only form of birth control that can help reduce the risk of STIs. So, one thing you can do to reduce your risk of HPV is to use condoms, says Ton.
“You should also use barrier protection (like condoms or dental dams) during oral sex,” adds Ton.
Routine Pap smears can help you stay on top of any unusual changes. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends getting a Pap smear once every 3 years, beginning at age 21.
Healthcare professionals typically do not recommend separate HPV testing unless you have an abnormal Pap smear result.
“Other precautions include reducing activities that weaken the immune system, like smoking, and getting conditions that affect the immune system, like HIV or diabetes, under control,” says Denny.
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